Talking about the six biometric principles and their advantages and disadvantages
The so-called biometric technology is the combination of computer and optical, acoustic, biosensor and biostatistical principles, using the inherent physiological characteristics of the human body (such as fingerprints, faces, irises, etc.) and behavioral features (such as handwriting). , voice, gait, etc.) to identify individuals.
Biometric technology mainly refers to a technology for identity authentication through human biometrics. Human biometrics are usually unique, measurable or automatically recognizable and verifiable, hereditary or lifelong, so biometric authentication technology Compared with traditional authentication technology, it has a big advantage.
Fingerprint recognition
principle
The fingerprint is the texture created by the unevenness of the skin on the front side of the finger. Although the fingerprint is only a small part of the human skin, it contains a lot of information. Fingerprint features can be divided into two categories: general features and local features. The overall characteristics are those that can be observed directly from the human eye, including basic texture patterns, pattern areas, core points, triangle points, pattern lines, and lines. The basic grain pattern has a ring shape, an arc shape, and a spiral shape. The local feature is the feature of the node on the fingerprint. These nodes with certain characteristics are called feature points. Two fingerprints often have the same overall characteristics, but their local features—feature points—cannot be identical. The feature points on the fingerprint, that is, the endpoints, bifurcation points, and turning points on the fingerprint line.
Fingerprint recognition technology usually uses the overall features of fingerprints such as striated shapes, triangular points, etc. to classify, and then uses local features such as position and orientation to perform user identification. Usually, firstly, the "feature point" (minuTIae) is found from the acquired fingerprint image, and then the digital representation of the user's living fingerprint is established according to the characteristics of the feature point - fingerprint feature data (a one-way conversion, which can be converted from the fingerprint image into Feature data but cannot be converted from feature data to a fingerprint image). Since two different fingerprints do not produce the same feature data, the pattern data of the collected fingerprint image and the fingerprint feature data stored in the database are pattern-matched to calculate their similarity, and finally two The matching result of the fingerprint is used to identify the user identity according to the matching result. Since each person's fingerprint is different, there is a clear difference between the fingers of the same person, so the fingerprint can be used for identification.
Fingerprint recognition technology mainly involves four functions: reading fingerprint images, extracting features, saving data and comparing. First of all. The image of the human body fingerprint is read by the fingerprint reading device, and after the fingerprint image is taken, the original image is preprocessed. Secondly, using the fingerprint identification software to establish the digital representation feature data of the fingerprint is a one-way conversion, which can be converted from fingerprint to feature data but cannot be converted from feature data to fingerprint, and two different fingerprints will not produce the same feature. data. The software finds the data points called "nodes" from the fingerprints, that is, the coordinate positions of the bifurcation, termination or looping of the fingerprint lines, which have more than seven unique features at the same time. Since there are typically 70 nodes on the finger, this method produces about 500 data. Some algorithms combine node and direction information to generate more data. These direction information indicates the relationship between nodes, and some algorithms also process the entire fingerprint image. In summary, these data, often referred to as templates, are saved as records of 1KB size. Finally, through the method of computer fuzzy comparison, the templates of the two fingerprints are compared to calculate their similarity, and finally the matching results of the two fingerprints are obtained.
1. Advantages of fingerprint recognition
(1) Fingerprints are unique features of the human body and their complexity is sufficient to provide sufficient features for authentication.
(2) If you want to increase reliability, just register more fingerprints, identify more fingers, up to ten, and each fingerprint is unique.
(3) Scanning fingerprints is fast and easy to use.
(4) When reading the fingerprint, the user must touch the finger and the fingerprint collection head. The direct contact with the fingerprint collection head is the most reliable method for reading the biological characteristics of the human body. This is also a major reason that fingerprint recognition technology can occupy most markets. .
(5) The fingerprint collection head can be more compact and the price will be lower.
2. Shortcomings of fingerprint recognition
(1) Fingerprints of certain people or certain groups are difficult to image because of the small number of fingerprints.
(2) In the past, because of the use of fingerprints in criminal records, some people were afraid to “record fingerprintsâ€. However, in fact, the current fingerprint authentication technology can ensure that no data containing fingerprint images is stored, but only encrypted fingerprint feature data obtained from fingerprints.
(3) Each time the fingerprint is used, the fingerprint of the user is left on the fingerprint collection head, and these fingerprint traces have the possibility of being used to copy the fingerprint.
It can be seen that fingerprint identification technology is currently the most convenient, reliable, non-invasive and inexpensive biometric technology solution, and the market application has great potential.
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