How to test carrier aggregation in LTE-Advanced network
For LTE-Advanced, 3GPP Release 10 introduced several new features to enhance the existing LTE standard. These features are designed to increase the peak downlink data rate to above 1Gbps, while reducing latency and improving spectrum efficiency. In addition, the maximum possible throughput of cell-edge users is set.
If you want to achieve the high data rate goal, LTE-Advanced requires that the channel bandwidth is much wider than the 20MHz currently specified by LTE, and it is impossible to achieve it by a single carrier in the limited frequency band available to most operators. Therefore, carrier aggregation will be a key measure to meet the wider effective bandwidth (usually up to 100MHz). This means that it is necessary to accumulate multiple carriers composed of continuous or non-continuous spectrum to achieve these wider channel bandwidths, thereby achieving faster data rates.
To implement carrier aggregation in the network, operators and infrastructure providers need to be able to use test mobile terminals with carrier aggregation functions before the actual mobile terminal equipment is launched.
Evolution to LTE-Advanced
The purpose of the 3GPP project for LTE-Advanced is to meet or exceed the requirements of IMT-Advanced within the time limit specified by the International Telecommunication Union's radio frequency communication department. The key objectives of IMT-Advanced are: 100MHz bandwidth, 1Gbps downlink data rate, 500Mbps uplink data rate, and 8x8 MIMO and 4x4 MIMO for downlink and uplink respectively. The maximum C-plane delay is 50ms, and the U-layer delay is less than or equal to 5ms. Table 1 compares these targets with the indicators of LTE Release 8 and LTE-Advanced.
Table 1: Comparison of 3GPP LTE-Advanced indicators with LTE Release 8 and IMT-Advanced targets
The LTE-Advanced standard will provide higher average spectrum efficiency and cell-edge user throughput than Release 8 LTE, and will have greater spectrum flexibility due to the newly allocated frequency band. Self-organizing networking and deployment will become the main part of LTE-A, because the network complexity makes manual optimization difficult to implement. It is worth noting that during the intervention period from LTE (Release 8) to LTE-A will be a smooth and low-cost transition.
In addition, LTE-A needs to coexist with LTE, and it will be a gradual development in terms of infrastructure, and the terminal will also gradually make updates. The function also needs to be extensible.
bandwidth
Because the spectrum is already very crowded, it is difficult for regulatory agencies to allocate 100 MHz of bandwidth in the continuous spectrum. Similarly, most of the frequency bands already allocated to LTE (see Table 2 (a) and (b)) are not wide enough to provide the 100MHz bandwidth specified by LTE-A. There is also a problem related to traditional systems, that is, some of the bandwidth has been occupied by standards released before LTE Release 8. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the available frequency bands in one of many normative ways. This is the well-known carrier aggregation technology.
Table 2 (a) LTE FDD frequency band allocation
Table 2 (b) LTE TDD frequency band allocation
Carrier aggregation is a means of flexible spectrum allocation in order to achieve wider bandwidth transmission. The complete system bandwidth up to 100MHz may consist of two to five basic frequency blocks called component carriers (CC). At least some component carriers are backward compatible with Release 8 LTE, and the aggregated bandwidth may consist of component carriers from the same frequency band (in-band carrier aggregation) or component carriers from different frequency bands (out-of-band carrier aggregation). LTE-A's in-band carrier aggregation supports continuous and non-contiguous spectrum. Figure 1 gives some examples.
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