Future Farms: UAVs, Robots, and GPS
Today's agriculture has entered the high-tech field. Most farmers in the 20th century cannot even recognize them. After all, just 100 years ago, American agriculture had just replaced the animal power with internal combustion engines. In the past 20 years, the emergence of Global Positioning System (GPS), electronic sensors and other new tools have pushed agriculture further into the "Science and Technology Wonderland."
In addition to the stylish air conditioning and sound system, the enclosed cabin of a modern large tractor is also equipped with a computer display that can display the mechanical properties, farmland position, operating equipment and other ancillary equipment. Today's amazing technologies are just the beginning of future agriculture. Automatic driving machinery and drones will automatically detect and treat crops where pests and diseases occur. These tools will become commonplace in those farms that are called "precision agriculture."
The ultimate goal of all these high-tech products is to optimize agriculture, both from an economic and environmental perspective. We just want to find the best input (including water, fertilizers, pesticides, fuel, and labor, etc.) in order to grow high-yield crops more efficiently.
GPS provides super-localized information
Each time there are at least 3 orbital satellites that can participate in calculating your distance, help the GPS provide you with accurate position information anywhere on the planet. Therefore, agricultural machines equipped with GPS receivers can identify their location on the farm and mediate operations to maximize productivity or efficiency at this location.
Take soil fertilization as an example. Farmers can use GPS receivers to determine preselected fields and collect their soil samples. Then analyze the samples and establish a GIS fertilization map. In essence, this is a computer database program. Using such maps, farmers can accurately determine the amount of fertilization in each sampling area. The Variable Technology (VRT) Fertilizer Applicator can precisely spray the required fertilizer on the farmland. This process is a model of "precision agriculture."
Information, Analysis and Tools
"Precision agriculture" requires success in three areas. It requires specific location information, such as soil-fertility map; it requires understanding of specific location information and the ability to make decisions; making decisions often requires computer simulation aids, which require the use of mathematical and statistical analysis of soil fertility and The variable relationship between crop yields.
Ultimately, farmers must have physical tools to implement management decisions. For example, a variable technology fertiliser spreader equipped with a GPS system can automatically adjust the amount of fertilizer according to each farm position. Other examples of "precision agriculture" include the application of different seeding rates depending on the type of soil, and the use of sensors to identify weeds, diseases or pests in order to use the most suitable insecticides.
The role of location-specific information In addition to helping to map soil conditions and increase production, satellite images can also be used to show crop health. Drones can now collect highly detailed photos of crops and fields. These photos can show different reflected light through computer analysis, according to which scientists can understand the health status of crops and soil types. For example, healthy crops appear clear and bright, while diseased crops appear dark, which can be used to determine the presence of cotton root rot. In the future, farmers may only need to treat infected areas. The advantages of drones include low costs and clear details of photographs, but the legitimacy of their use in agriculture is still being explored.
automation
Auto-navigation, a GPS-based system, can direct tractors to work in more precise modes, even beyond real-life operations. At present, safety concerns completely limit the unmanned potential of smaller machines. Fully automatic or robotic farming machines have begun to appear in small profits in high-profit agriculture, such as grapes, nursery crops, certain fruits and vegetables.
Automatic machines can replace humans and perform more tedious tasks, such as manually harvesting vegetables. They use sensing technology, including mechanical vision, to detect information such as position, stem and leaf size, and then notify the machine during the operation. Japan has become a leader in this field. Japanese agriculture is often divided into smaller fields, and the country is also one of the world's leading robotics technologies. But robots are also rising in the United States, especially California, where there are many specialty crops in the United States.
The development of flying robots will result in the replacement of most of today’s human-operated drones, which have mechanical vision and human-like pliers. Many reconnaissance missions, such as pests and diseases, require people to go far away to obtain the leaves that represent the plants, and then repeatedly check for pests and diseases. Researchers are developing a technology that can use flying robots to perform these tasks without human involvement.
Breeding + Sensor + Robot
High-throughput plant phenotype (HTPP) is a futuristic "precision agriculture" technology that is a combination of genetics, sensors, and robots. It can be used to develop new crop varieties, or to increase crop nutrient content, drought resistance, and resistance to pests and diseases. The HTPP technology uses multiple sensors to measure important physical data of the plant, such as height, number of leaves, size, shape, angle, color, degree of wilting, stem thickness, number of results, and the like. These are phenotypic characteristics and physical expression of plant genetic code. Scientists can compare these data with known genetic data for a particular plant.
Coupled with sensors, scientists can quickly obtain the phenotypic characteristics of thousands of plants. Breeders and geneticists can decide which varieties will be eliminated and which can be further tested, which will greatly accelerate crop improvement. The process.
In the past 20 years, great changes have taken place in the field of agricultural production. It is hard to imagine how much it will develop in the coming years. However, the pace of agricultural high-tech innovation will only increase. If you see such a scene after 10 years, don't be surprised: you drive along the freeway and you see a small helicopter flying over farmland and land on crops, picking up blades with machine pliers, using cameras, and mechanically viewing Insect pests and then re-take off to see other crops.
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