Design of Expo Ticket System Based on RFID Technology
The Shanghai World Expo will open on May 1, 2010 for a period of 184 days. It is estimated that the total number of visitors will exceed 70 million, attracting 200 countries and international organizations to participate. “Better City, Better Lifeâ€, the Expo ticket system will also make the development of RFID better.
1 RFID basic principlesRFID (radio frequency identification, also known as electronic tag) is a technology that uses a radio frequency signal to realize contactless information transmission through spatial coupling (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field), and realizes the recognition of the target through the transmitted information. Its working distance is 10 cm ~ 10 m (according to different frequencies), the identification work can be used in various harsh environments without manual intervention. RFID technology can also identify high-speed moving objects and recognize multiple labels at the same time, making operation quick and easy.
Compared with other identification technologies, RFID has the advantages of automatic recognition, long-distance recognition, and multi-target recognition. It can be widely used in many scenarios, including enterprise supply chain management, urban traffic management, anti-counterfeiting, and personal information content acquisition.
The basic RFID system consists of a radio frequency tag, a reader and an antenna. The RF tag consists of a coupling element and a chip, each tag having a unique electronic code (EPC) attached to the object to identify the target object. A reader is a device that reads (and sometimes writes) tag information and can be designed to be handheld or fixed. The antenna transmits RF signals between the tag and the reader.
The basic working principle of RFID technology: After the tag enters the magnetic field, it receives the RF signal from the reader, and sends the product information (passive tag or passive tag) stored in the chip by the energy obtained by the induced current, or actively sends a certain The frequency signal (active tag or active tag), the reader reads the information and decodes it, and sends it to the central information system for data processing.
As a data acquisition technology in automatic identification technology, people are more likely to compare RFID with bar code technology. Both technologies can be applied to the common field of commodity identification, but RFID has multi-target recognition and automatic target recognition capabilities, and also has the characteristics of further recognition distance and resistance to dust, smoke, and storage. The functions of RFID: a) can read multiple RFID tag data at the same time. b) RFID tags can be read or updated without a light source. c) The capacity of the stored data is large. d) Electronic data can be read and written repeatedly. e) Smart labels can be very thin, such as hidden in the packaging container can still read the data. f) RFID tags can pass data as goods tracking and preservation. g) RFID tags can still read data in harsh, harsh and dirty environments. h) High-speed mobile reading is possible.
The RFID system has four operating frequency bands: low frequency, high frequency, ultra high frequency and microwave (see Table 1). According to the characteristics of the electromagnetic waves in these four frequency bands, their application fields are also different. Low-frequency RFID has strong penetrability due to its long wavelength. It can penetrate media such as water and skin and can be used for animal identification. High-frequency RFID is limited by communication distance, and is mostly used in bus cards, ID cards, access control and other fields. UHF RFID is widely used in the logistics industry.
In recent years, the number of exhibitions held in Shanghai has increased at a rate of 20% per year. The Shanghai Municipal Government has been actively exploring how to apply new technologies to enhance the ability of the group to better display the image of Shanghai. The application of RFID in large-scale exhibitions has been verified. In 2005, the ticket system of the Aichi Expo adopted RFID technology, which enabled a large number of visitors to enter the market quickly. The organizers of the 2006 World Cup also adopted tickets embedded in RFID chips, which played a role in anti-counterfeiting. This has attracted the attention of the organizers of large-scale exhibitions. At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, RFID technology has been widely used.
The 2010 World Expo will be held in Shanghai. At that time, there will be a large number of information service needs for sponsors, exhibitors, visitors, volunteers, etc., including crowd flow, traffic management, information inquiry, etc. RFID systems are meeting these needs. One of the effective means. The organizers of the Expo are concerned about the anti-counterfeiting of tickets. Participants are more concerned about which visitors have visited their booths, what they care about and what the products are and the personal information of the visitors. Visitors want to quickly get the information they want and find the content they care about.
Volunteers need to understand the big picture and help those in need. These requirements can be easily implemented with RFID technology. Visitors enter the venue with tickets embedded in RFID tags and carry them with them. RFID readers are deployed near each booth, so that for the exhibitors, where are the visitors going during the exhibition, where is the time to stay, and the basic information of the visitors is obvious. When visitors come closer, they can provide services more accurately. At the same time, the organizer can deploy a multimedia inquiry terminal with an RFID reader at the exhibition. Visitors can know their current location and the information of the exhibition area through the terminal, and can also track the lost companion information through the inquiry terminal.
3 system key technologyEmbedding RFID tags in Expo tickets and using RFID technology to maximize the efficiency of the entire system requires addressing the following key issues.
1) Anti-collision technology
In the use of non-contact electronic tags, it is often the case that a reader must handle multiple tags at the same time, that is, multiple tags are within the sensing range of the reader, and they will respond to the reader almost simultaneously. Signals are sent as commands, which creates a problem of channel contention, which can cause interference between multiple tags. The reader cannot receive the data correctly, and the label cannot be correctly identified, resulting in a conflict. At this time, fast anti-collision measures must be taken to ensure the reliability and correctness of the communication. In the case of a large flow of people, Expo tickets must be especially effective to solve this problem, to ensure that visitors can easily enter.
2) Secure encryption technology
Data security includes the security of data storage and security during data transmission. The Expo system should ensure the security of information storage. At the same time, the information should use specific cryptographic algorithm technology to ensure the security of the data in the transmission process, and the outside world cannot tamper with or steal the data, thus realizing the anti-counterfeiting and anti-destruction of RFID tickets.
3) Multi-angle information processing capability
Expo tickets can use RFID technology to provide visitors with a variety of services, such as tickets for a variety of features. After collecting the information of the visitors, the RFID reader gathers them into the backstage of the Expo system for data processing and analysis.
4 Realization of the World Expo RFID System4.1 Hardware Design
The World Expo is a large international event. It is important to ensure the effectiveness and flexibility of the system. The stability of the system is more important. The server where the critical application is located requires dual-system backup. The specific structure is shown in Figure 1.
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