China's lighting products energy efficiency standards and logo
Editor's Note: In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, especially the blind investment and low-level expansion of some regions and high-energy-consuming industries, the contradiction of China's energy supply shortage has intensified. This year, there are still more than 20 provinces with varying degrees of power supply and power cuts, which have a negative impact on production and life. To realize the grand goal of the GDP of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to quadruple in 2000 and basically achieve industrialization by 2020, the energy issue will become more prominent and more severe. China's energy is relatively insufficient, and energy infrastructure construction has a large investment and long cycle. It also faces a series of problems such as transportation and water resources constraints, and energy conservation is an inevitable choice to achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Since investment is less effective, the development and implementation of energy efficiency standards and energy efficiency labeling for energy-saving products has become one of the preferred policy tools for countries around the world to improve product energy efficiency and thus achieve energy conservation and environmental protection purposes. It is also an integral part of countries' trade barriers. According to the International Energy Agency, 34 countries have successfully implemented energy efficiency standards programs so far.
In the past ten years, under the leadership and support of China's energy conservation authorities, with the joint efforts of China National Institute of Standardization and other scientific research institutions, production enterprises and experts in related fields, China's energy efficiency standards development work has made positive progress.
1. The role of energy efficiency standards
The energy efficiency standard is mainly to meet the specific requirements of the energy performance of energy-saving products without reducing the performance and safety requirements of the products. It is technically feasible and economical; it is beneficial to consumers without harming the interests of producers. The implementation of energy efficiency standards will gradually eliminate cost-effective and energy-intensive products, while encouraging the development of cost-effective and energy-efficient products, thereby increasing the market share of high-efficiency products and achieving energy conservation and environmental protection. For the country, it alleviates the contradiction between energy supply and demand, guarantees the sustained economic growth, and is a very effective policy tool; for the production enterprise, it regulates the market and promotes the healthy competition between enterprises and the development of energy-saving technologies. At the same time, it also meets the needs of international trade; for consumers, it reduces consumers' energy expenditures, while helping consumers make informed choices and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
2. Development of China's energy efficiency standards
The development of China's energy efficiency standards has gone through three stages: the initial stage of the 1980s and the steady development of the mid-1990s and the new century. The former China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding, and now the China National Institute of Standardization and the National Energy Foundation and Management Standardization Technical Committee organized relevant units and experts to develop the first batch of nine household appliances energy efficiency standards, including products for household use. Refrigerators, room air conditioners, etc., these national standards were approved by the former State Bureau of Technical Supervision on December 25, 1989, and officially enforced on December 1, 1990. The first batch of energy efficiency standards stipulated the energy efficiency limit value (or power consumption limit value) of the product, mainly to limit and eliminate the relatively low energy-consuming appliances at that time.
Since 1995, under the leadership of relevant government departments and the funding of the US Environmental Protection Agency, the US Energy Foundation, the International Energy Conservation Institute, the International Copper Association, and the American Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the first batch of organizations has been organized. Revision of energy efficiency standards and research and development of some new energy efficiency standards. The range of products is gradually extended to lighting products and industrial equipment. The content of the energy efficiency standard has also changed. In order to comply with the implementation of the energy-saving product certification system, in addition to the mandatory performance limit value, the recommended energy-saving evaluation value index has been added.
Since 2001, with the transformation of China's energy-saving work guiding ideology and innovation of energy-saving management mechanism, in order to continuously promote the upgrading and technological progress of energy-efficient products and equipment, the National Standards Committee has been approved by the national energy-saving authorities. Under the direct leadership of the China National Institute of Standardization, the research on energy efficiency standards and energy efficiency standards has been carried out for some products, and the research on energy efficiency standards has entered a new development period. The contents of some energy efficiency standards, in addition to the energy efficiency limit value and the energy conservation evaluation value index, also increase the energy efficiency limit value (advanced indicator) and the grading index that are implemented after 3 years or 5 years. There are currently 18 energy efficiency standards that have been enacted, as shown in Table 1.
3, China's lighting products energy efficiency standards
On November 1, 1999, China promulgated the national energy efficiency standard for the first lighting product, tubular fluorescent lamp ballast, which was officially implemented on June 1, 2000. Due to the development of green lighting projects, the development of energy efficiency standards for lighting products in China has been rapidly developed. As the largest sub-project of the Green Lighting Project Promotion Project, the development of the energy efficiency standards of the six lighting products has received strong support and extensive cooperation from the national energy conservation authorities, the National Standards Commission, and the relevant units and experts of the lighting industry, and international experts. The project progressed very smoothly in the past year. The AQSIQ has issued double-ended fluorescent lamps and self-ballasted fluorescent lamps in March 2003 respectively. In August 2004, four national energy efficiency standards, such as high-pressure sodium lamps and high-pressure sodium lamp ballasts, were issued. The national energy efficiency standards for halide lamps and their ballasts have also been submitted to the trial stage and are expected to be implemented early next year. Together with the energy efficiency standards for single-ended fluorescent lamps promulgated in November 2003, there are currently 8 energy efficiency standards for lighting products in China, as shown in Table 2. The contents of the energy efficiency standards for lighting products are shown in Table 3.
4, the concept of energy efficiency labeling
The energy efficiency label, also referred to as the energy efficiency label, is an information label attached to the minimum package of a product or product. It is used to indicate performance indicators such as energy efficiency grades of energy-saving products, and provides necessary information for users and consumers to purchase decisions. To guide users and consumers to choose energy efficient products.
Broadly speaking, energy efficiency labels fall into two broad categories: assurance labels and information labels. The guarantee logo, also known as the certification logo or the accreditation logo, mainly provides a uniform and identical label for a certain number of products that meet the requirements of the specified standard, and there is no specific information on the label. The warranty mark only indicates that the product has reached or exceeded a certain level of energy efficiency, and does not indicate the level of achievement. This type of logo is usually targeted at the top 10% to 20% of energy-efficient products. It is mainly used to help consumers distinguish similar products, making energy-efficient products more easily recognized. The guarantee logo generally adopts the voluntary principle. For example, the “Energy Star†in the United States and the energy-saving product certification in China are the guarantee labels.
Information identification, also known as comparative identification, provides consumers with information about product energy consumption, operating costs, energy efficiency or other important characteristics through a discrete hierarchy or continuous scale, which is easily understood by consumers. When making a purchase decision, consumers can consider energy efficiency along with price, reliability, convenience, and other characteristics, and compare it to the energy performance of similar products. Because the comparative identification gives more information, it is easy for consumers to understand and confirm the goodness of the product, which is adopted by many countries. In a narrow sense, energy efficiency labeling usually refers to information identification. The energy efficiency label and energy efficiency labeling system discussed in this paper refer to this kind of information label.
5. The nature and implementation mode of China's energy efficiency labeling system
With the gradual improvement of China's market economic system and the transformation of government functions, the management of energy conservation will be transformed from direct management of enterprises to guided indirect management, creation of a fair market environment and protection of consumer interests. Transforming the production process management of enterprises to the management of terminal energy-saving products. It can be seen that the implementation of energy efficiency standards and labeling for terminal energy-saving products is an important measure and an inevitable choice for the government to strengthen energy-saving management, guide enterprises to improve energy efficiency, promote technological progress of energy-saving products, and regulate the market of energy-saving products under market economy conditions. Under the leadership of the national energy conservation authorities and with the support of domestic and foreign experts and institutions, starting from 2000, the China National Institute of Standardization has used foreign advanced implementation experience to analyze China's actual national conditions and future needs, and studied the feasibility of the energy efficiency labeling system. Sexuality and implementation plan, and put forward scientific and feasible policy recommendations to relevant national administrative authorities. Through a series of technical preparations such as the drafting of relevant laws and regulations, the construction of operational models and operational mechanisms, the design and market investigation of drafting standards, testing capabilities and market supervision capabilities, and related supporting incentives and restrictions, the National Development and Reform Commission, The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the National Certification and Accreditation Administration have reviewed the Measures for the Administration of Energy Efficiency Labels in accordance with relevant legislative procedures and officially promulgated them on August 13, 2003. The system will be officially implemented on March 1, 2005, starting with household refrigerators and room air conditioners.
According to the provisions of the Measures, China will implement a unified energy efficiency labeling system. The State has formulated and promulgated the Product Catalogue of the People's Republic of China for the Implementation of Energy Efficiency Labeling, and has determined the uniform application of energy efficiency standards, implementation rules, energy efficiency labeling styles and specifications. Since the foundation for implementing energy efficiency labeling on a large scale is not yet available, China will gradually implement it in various forms of energy-saving products in the form of product catalogues.
Drawing on the successful experience of the implementation of international energy efficiency labeling, China will adopt a mandatory performance-efficiency labeling system. In order to reduce the social cost of implementation, reduce the burden on producers, improve the efficiency of implementation, and encourage the self-declaration of enterprises + the record of energy efficiency data of enterprises + strengthen market supervision. Considering that China's market integrity system is still in the stage of continuous improvement and In the case of weak self-discipline and self-organizing ability of enterprises/industries, in order to ensure the conformity of energy efficiency labeling, the state establishes a sampling inspection system for products listed in the Catalogue, and regularly and irregularly reports energy efficiency rating information of products implementing energy efficiency labeling. Sampling verification: The energy conservation management departments and local quality inspection departments of local people's governments at all levels shall supervise and inspect the use of energy efficiency labels within their respective jurisdictions within their respective functions and responsibilities.
6. Discussion on energy efficiency labeling of lighting products in China
According to the deployment of the National Development and Reform Commission, in order to cooperate with the implementation of China's energy efficiency labeling system, in the content of energy efficiency standards for lighting products formulated in the Green Lighting Project Promotion Project, according to the actual situation of the products, the energy efficiency classification and grading indicators have been increased. The division of energy efficiency grades mainly considers the energy efficiency distribution of such products in the market and the technical potential/cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency improvement. At the same time, the division of energy efficiency grades should also facilitate energy efficiency compliance monitoring, which is conducive to guiding the market to convert to high energy efficiency. It reflects the ability of consumers to identify the level and the consistency of the international energy efficiency rating. According to the discussion and argumentation of experts and related parties, the energy efficiency rating of lighting products in China is divided into three levels, which are different from refrigerators and room air conditioners. Level 1 has the highest energy efficiency and is a highly efficient product. Currently, there is no or very few products on the market. Level 2 is the energy-saving evaluation value. If the product energy efficiency reaches level 2 or above, it can voluntarily apply to the certification body for energy-saving product certification, which is qualified by inspection and factory inspection. You can get the certificate and paste the energy-saving label; level 3 is the energy-efficiency limit, which is the threshold for market access. Products below this value will not be sold in the market. At present, energy efficiency standards for five lighting products specify grading indicators for energy efficiency, as shown in Table 3.
Due to the large amount of lighting products used and the potential for energy saving, it is one of the products that have been widely implemented for energy efficiency labeling. At present, the United States, Brazil, the European Union, Australia, South Korea, Thailand and other countries and regions have implemented energy efficiency labels for lighting products, as shown in Table 4.
In addition to the European Union's use of incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps as an object of energy efficiency labeling, other countries are implementing energy efficiency labels for a class of products, mainly including double-ended fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamp ballasts. According to the technical content of the energy efficiency standards of lighting products that have been formulated in China, the object of energy efficiency labeling of lighting products in China should be aimed at the same type of products. According to the maturity and acceptance of the market, it can start with double-end fluorescent lamps and self-ballasted fluorescent lamps. Then gradually expand to other products. Since it is only divided into 3 levels, the style of the logo should be modified accordingly.
7. China's lighting products energy efficiency standards and labeling policy recommendations
China's lighting products market is not standardized enough, product quality is mixed, and counterfeit products are still flooding the market at low prices. Therefore, the following practical obstacles exist in the smooth implementation of energy efficiency standards and labeling systems:
(1) Relevant laws and regulations are not yet sound and lack effective market supervision mechanisms;
(2) The market is not standardized, and the integrity system is still in its infancy;
(3) Manufacturers and industry are less self-disciplined and self-organizing;
(4) The public's awareness of energy efficiency is low and the consumer psychology is not mature enough;
(5) The information asymmetry of relevant parties is very serious, which leads to market supervision difficulties;
(6) Lack of effective incentive policies and punitive measures.
In order to eliminate the above implementation obstacles and promote the smooth implementation of energy efficiency standards and energy efficiency labeling systems, the following recommendations are made:
(1) Enhance the transparency of energy efficiency standard system revision and label development;
(2) Improve the effectiveness, shorten the cycle of energy efficiency standards, and continue to expand the scope of the super standard;
(3) Vigorously carry out propaganda and training work to raise awareness of energy conservation among the whole people;
(4) Strengthen the government's sampling inspection system and establish an effective mechanism for manufacturers to monitor each other and consumer complaints;
(5) Introduce incentive policies as soon as possible, such as government procurement, bulk purchases, subsidies, etc.;
(6) Establish a unified collection and feedback mechanism for basic data, and timely evaluate the implementation to ensure the implementation effect and timely correction.
References 1 "Introduction to Energy Efficiency Labeling" China Standard Press 2 Li Aixian and other translations. Energy efficiency labeling and standards. China Economic Publishing House 3 Jin Minghong and so on. Establish related issues of China's energy efficiency information identification system. China Energy, 2004, No. 3
4 Li Aixian et al. Development, existing problems and policy recommendations for energy efficiency standards in China. "Electrical Appliances" No. 8 of 2004
1
In the past ten years, under the leadership and support of China's energy conservation authorities, with the joint efforts of China National Institute of Standardization and other scientific research institutions, production enterprises and experts in related fields, China's energy efficiency standards development work has made positive progress.
1. The role of energy efficiency standards
The energy efficiency standard is mainly to meet the specific requirements of the energy performance of energy-saving products without reducing the performance and safety requirements of the products. It is technically feasible and economical; it is beneficial to consumers without harming the interests of producers. The implementation of energy efficiency standards will gradually eliminate cost-effective and energy-intensive products, while encouraging the development of cost-effective and energy-efficient products, thereby increasing the market share of high-efficiency products and achieving energy conservation and environmental protection. For the country, it alleviates the contradiction between energy supply and demand, guarantees the sustained economic growth, and is a very effective policy tool; for the production enterprise, it regulates the market and promotes the healthy competition between enterprises and the development of energy-saving technologies. At the same time, it also meets the needs of international trade; for consumers, it reduces consumers' energy expenditures, while helping consumers make informed choices and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
2. Development of China's energy efficiency standards
The development of China's energy efficiency standards has gone through three stages: the initial stage of the 1980s and the steady development of the mid-1990s and the new century. The former China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding, and now the China National Institute of Standardization and the National Energy Foundation and Management Standardization Technical Committee organized relevant units and experts to develop the first batch of nine household appliances energy efficiency standards, including products for household use. Refrigerators, room air conditioners, etc., these national standards were approved by the former State Bureau of Technical Supervision on December 25, 1989, and officially enforced on December 1, 1990. The first batch of energy efficiency standards stipulated the energy efficiency limit value (or power consumption limit value) of the product, mainly to limit and eliminate the relatively low energy-consuming appliances at that time.
Since 1995, under the leadership of relevant government departments and the funding of the US Environmental Protection Agency, the US Energy Foundation, the International Energy Conservation Institute, the International Copper Association, and the American Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the first batch of organizations has been organized. Revision of energy efficiency standards and research and development of some new energy efficiency standards. The range of products is gradually extended to lighting products and industrial equipment. The content of the energy efficiency standard has also changed. In order to comply with the implementation of the energy-saving product certification system, in addition to the mandatory performance limit value, the recommended energy-saving evaluation value index has been added.
Since 2001, with the transformation of China's energy-saving work guiding ideology and innovation of energy-saving management mechanism, in order to continuously promote the upgrading and technological progress of energy-efficient products and equipment, the National Standards Committee has been approved by the national energy-saving authorities. Under the direct leadership of the China National Institute of Standardization, the research on energy efficiency standards and energy efficiency standards has been carried out for some products, and the research on energy efficiency standards has entered a new development period. The contents of some energy efficiency standards, in addition to the energy efficiency limit value and the energy conservation evaluation value index, also increase the energy efficiency limit value (advanced indicator) and the grading index that are implemented after 3 years or 5 years. There are currently 18 energy efficiency standards that have been enacted, as shown in Table 1.
3, China's lighting products energy efficiency standards
On November 1, 1999, China promulgated the national energy efficiency standard for the first lighting product, tubular fluorescent lamp ballast, which was officially implemented on June 1, 2000. Due to the development of green lighting projects, the development of energy efficiency standards for lighting products in China has been rapidly developed. As the largest sub-project of the Green Lighting Project Promotion Project, the development of the energy efficiency standards of the six lighting products has received strong support and extensive cooperation from the national energy conservation authorities, the National Standards Commission, and the relevant units and experts of the lighting industry, and international experts. The project progressed very smoothly in the past year. The AQSIQ has issued double-ended fluorescent lamps and self-ballasted fluorescent lamps in March 2003 respectively. In August 2004, four national energy efficiency standards, such as high-pressure sodium lamps and high-pressure sodium lamp ballasts, were issued. The national energy efficiency standards for halide lamps and their ballasts have also been submitted to the trial stage and are expected to be implemented early next year. Together with the energy efficiency standards for single-ended fluorescent lamps promulgated in November 2003, there are currently 8 energy efficiency standards for lighting products in China, as shown in Table 2. The contents of the energy efficiency standards for lighting products are shown in Table 3.
4, the concept of energy efficiency labeling
The energy efficiency label, also referred to as the energy efficiency label, is an information label attached to the minimum package of a product or product. It is used to indicate performance indicators such as energy efficiency grades of energy-saving products, and provides necessary information for users and consumers to purchase decisions. To guide users and consumers to choose energy efficient products.
Broadly speaking, energy efficiency labels fall into two broad categories: assurance labels and information labels. The guarantee logo, also known as the certification logo or the accreditation logo, mainly provides a uniform and identical label for a certain number of products that meet the requirements of the specified standard, and there is no specific information on the label. The warranty mark only indicates that the product has reached or exceeded a certain level of energy efficiency, and does not indicate the level of achievement. This type of logo is usually targeted at the top 10% to 20% of energy-efficient products. It is mainly used to help consumers distinguish similar products, making energy-efficient products more easily recognized. The guarantee logo generally adopts the voluntary principle. For example, the “Energy Star†in the United States and the energy-saving product certification in China are the guarantee labels.
Information identification, also known as comparative identification, provides consumers with information about product energy consumption, operating costs, energy efficiency or other important characteristics through a discrete hierarchy or continuous scale, which is easily understood by consumers. When making a purchase decision, consumers can consider energy efficiency along with price, reliability, convenience, and other characteristics, and compare it to the energy performance of similar products. Because the comparative identification gives more information, it is easy for consumers to understand and confirm the goodness of the product, which is adopted by many countries. In a narrow sense, energy efficiency labeling usually refers to information identification. The energy efficiency label and energy efficiency labeling system discussed in this paper refer to this kind of information label.
5. The nature and implementation mode of China's energy efficiency labeling system
With the gradual improvement of China's market economic system and the transformation of government functions, the management of energy conservation will be transformed from direct management of enterprises to guided indirect management, creation of a fair market environment and protection of consumer interests. Transforming the production process management of enterprises to the management of terminal energy-saving products. It can be seen that the implementation of energy efficiency standards and labeling for terminal energy-saving products is an important measure and an inevitable choice for the government to strengthen energy-saving management, guide enterprises to improve energy efficiency, promote technological progress of energy-saving products, and regulate the market of energy-saving products under market economy conditions. Under the leadership of the national energy conservation authorities and with the support of domestic and foreign experts and institutions, starting from 2000, the China National Institute of Standardization has used foreign advanced implementation experience to analyze China's actual national conditions and future needs, and studied the feasibility of the energy efficiency labeling system. Sexuality and implementation plan, and put forward scientific and feasible policy recommendations to relevant national administrative authorities. Through a series of technical preparations such as the drafting of relevant laws and regulations, the construction of operational models and operational mechanisms, the design and market investigation of drafting standards, testing capabilities and market supervision capabilities, and related supporting incentives and restrictions, the National Development and Reform Commission, The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the National Certification and Accreditation Administration have reviewed the Measures for the Administration of Energy Efficiency Labels in accordance with relevant legislative procedures and officially promulgated them on August 13, 2003. The system will be officially implemented on March 1, 2005, starting with household refrigerators and room air conditioners.
According to the provisions of the Measures, China will implement a unified energy efficiency labeling system. The State has formulated and promulgated the Product Catalogue of the People's Republic of China for the Implementation of Energy Efficiency Labeling, and has determined the uniform application of energy efficiency standards, implementation rules, energy efficiency labeling styles and specifications. Since the foundation for implementing energy efficiency labeling on a large scale is not yet available, China will gradually implement it in various forms of energy-saving products in the form of product catalogues.
Drawing on the successful experience of the implementation of international energy efficiency labeling, China will adopt a mandatory performance-efficiency labeling system. In order to reduce the social cost of implementation, reduce the burden on producers, improve the efficiency of implementation, and encourage the self-declaration of enterprises + the record of energy efficiency data of enterprises + strengthen market supervision. Considering that China's market integrity system is still in the stage of continuous improvement and In the case of weak self-discipline and self-organizing ability of enterprises/industries, in order to ensure the conformity of energy efficiency labeling, the state establishes a sampling inspection system for products listed in the Catalogue, and regularly and irregularly reports energy efficiency rating information of products implementing energy efficiency labeling. Sampling verification: The energy conservation management departments and local quality inspection departments of local people's governments at all levels shall supervise and inspect the use of energy efficiency labels within their respective jurisdictions within their respective functions and responsibilities.
6. Discussion on energy efficiency labeling of lighting products in China
According to the deployment of the National Development and Reform Commission, in order to cooperate with the implementation of China's energy efficiency labeling system, in the content of energy efficiency standards for lighting products formulated in the Green Lighting Project Promotion Project, according to the actual situation of the products, the energy efficiency classification and grading indicators have been increased. The division of energy efficiency grades mainly considers the energy efficiency distribution of such products in the market and the technical potential/cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency improvement. At the same time, the division of energy efficiency grades should also facilitate energy efficiency compliance monitoring, which is conducive to guiding the market to convert to high energy efficiency. It reflects the ability of consumers to identify the level and the consistency of the international energy efficiency rating. According to the discussion and argumentation of experts and related parties, the energy efficiency rating of lighting products in China is divided into three levels, which are different from refrigerators and room air conditioners. Level 1 has the highest energy efficiency and is a highly efficient product. Currently, there is no or very few products on the market. Level 2 is the energy-saving evaluation value. If the product energy efficiency reaches level 2 or above, it can voluntarily apply to the certification body for energy-saving product certification, which is qualified by inspection and factory inspection. You can get the certificate and paste the energy-saving label; level 3 is the energy-efficiency limit, which is the threshold for market access. Products below this value will not be sold in the market. At present, energy efficiency standards for five lighting products specify grading indicators for energy efficiency, as shown in Table 3.
Due to the large amount of lighting products used and the potential for energy saving, it is one of the products that have been widely implemented for energy efficiency labeling. At present, the United States, Brazil, the European Union, Australia, South Korea, Thailand and other countries and regions have implemented energy efficiency labels for lighting products, as shown in Table 4.
In addition to the European Union's use of incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps as an object of energy efficiency labeling, other countries are implementing energy efficiency labels for a class of products, mainly including double-ended fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamp ballasts. According to the technical content of the energy efficiency standards of lighting products that have been formulated in China, the object of energy efficiency labeling of lighting products in China should be aimed at the same type of products. According to the maturity and acceptance of the market, it can start with double-end fluorescent lamps and self-ballasted fluorescent lamps. Then gradually expand to other products. Since it is only divided into 3 levels, the style of the logo should be modified accordingly.
7. China's lighting products energy efficiency standards and labeling policy recommendations
China's lighting products market is not standardized enough, product quality is mixed, and counterfeit products are still flooding the market at low prices. Therefore, the following practical obstacles exist in the smooth implementation of energy efficiency standards and labeling systems:
(1) Relevant laws and regulations are not yet sound and lack effective market supervision mechanisms;
(2) The market is not standardized, and the integrity system is still in its infancy;
(3) Manufacturers and industry are less self-disciplined and self-organizing;
(4) The public's awareness of energy efficiency is low and the consumer psychology is not mature enough;
(5) The information asymmetry of relevant parties is very serious, which leads to market supervision difficulties;
(6) Lack of effective incentive policies and punitive measures.
In order to eliminate the above implementation obstacles and promote the smooth implementation of energy efficiency standards and energy efficiency labeling systems, the following recommendations are made:
(1) Enhance the transparency of energy efficiency standard system revision and label development;
(2) Improve the effectiveness, shorten the cycle of energy efficiency standards, and continue to expand the scope of the super standard;
(3) Vigorously carry out propaganda and training work to raise awareness of energy conservation among the whole people;
(4) Strengthen the government's sampling inspection system and establish an effective mechanism for manufacturers to monitor each other and consumer complaints;
(5) Introduce incentive policies as soon as possible, such as government procurement, bulk purchases, subsidies, etc.;
(6) Establish a unified collection and feedback mechanism for basic data, and timely evaluate the implementation to ensure the implementation effect and timely correction.
References 1 "Introduction to Energy Efficiency Labeling" China Standard Press 2 Li Aixian and other translations. Energy efficiency labeling and standards. China Economic Publishing House 3 Jin Minghong and so on. Establish related issues of China's energy efficiency information identification system. China Energy, 2004, No. 3
4 Li Aixian et al. Development, existing problems and policy recommendations for energy efficiency standards in China. "Electrical Appliances" No. 8 of 2004
1
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